Two statements ( S1 and S2 ) pertain to a soil mass are given.
S1 : Consolidation is the process of removal of air from soils.
S2: The pore water pressure in the capillary zone of a soil is positive.
Identify the inference about the validity of the statements as true / false.
Statement S1: False
Consolidation is the process of gradual reduction in the volume of saturated soil
due to the expulsion of pore water under sustained loading.
• Consolidation: Reduction in soil volume due to expulsion of pore water.
• Compaction: Densification of soil primarily due to the expulsion of air from soil
voids by mechanical energy.
Therefore, Statement S1 is incorrect.
Statement S2: incorrect
In the capillary zone above the groundwater table, water rises through soil pores
due to capillary action.
The pore water pressure in this zone is negative relative to atmospheric pressure
because water is under tension.
The pore water pressure is given by:
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