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Question
Assertion (A) : Loss of head at a sudden contraction in a pipe is smaller than the loss at a sudden expansion in the pipe.
Reason (R) : Increase in turbulence level is higher at a sudden expansion than at a sudden contraction.
A.
Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
B.
Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C.
A is true but R is false
D.
A is false but R is true
Answer ( Option A)

Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

Solution

•  Loss of head in both the cases, sudden expansion and sudden contraction happen due to formation of eddies, but the intensity is more in case of sudden expansion hence the loss will be more in case of sudden expansion.
• Another reason for more loss in case of sudden expansion is the deceleration of flow due to area expansion
• separation of flow from boundary occurs in case of sudden contraction of pipe.

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