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Question
Consider the following statements :
(1) Pseudo-hardness is due to presence of sodium ion in water
(2) When alkalinity  ≥Total hardness, Carbonate hardness in mg/l = Total hardness in mg/l
(3) Bicarbonate alkalinity = Total alkalinity – (Carbonate alkalinity – Hydroxide alkalinity)
(4) Hydroxide alkalinity = Carbonate alkalinity + Bicarbonate alkalinity
Which of the following statements related to testing of water for municipal use are correctly applicable?
A.
1 and 3 only
B.
2 and 3 only
C.
1 and 2 only
D.
1, 2 and 3 only
Answer ( Option C)

1 and 2 only

Solution

If Non-carbonate hardness is absent in water
• Total hardness = Minimum of
(carbonate hardness, alkalinity)
Thus, Alkalinity > Total hardness
Then Total hardness = Carbonate hardness.
→Pseduo hardness is due to pressure of Na+ (sodium ion) in water.

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