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Question
The hydraulic grade line for flow in a pipe of constant internal diameter _______ .
A.
coincides with the physical centerline of the pipe
B.
is always above the centerline of the pipe
C.
is always sloping down in the direction of flow
D.
is always above the total energy grade line
Answer ( Option C)

is always sloping down in the direction of flow

Solution

Hydraulic gradient Line (H.G.L) – Line representing the sum of pressure head and datum head.
Total energy line (T.E.L) – Line representing the sum of pressure head, datum head, and velocity head.
For the pipe of constant diameter, the hydraulic gradient line is always sloping down in the direction of flow and is parallel to the total energy line and the difference between both the lines represents velocity head. Due to h (head loss due to friction) along the length of pipe, H.G.L always sloping down.

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