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Question
The most durable varnish is
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A.
Water varnish
B.
Spirit varnish
C.
Turpentine varnish
D.
Oil varnish
Answer ( Option D)

Oil varnish

Solution

• Varnish is a nearly homogenous solution of resin in oil, alcohol or turpentine.
• The type of solvent depends upon the type of resin used.
• The oil dries with time and other solvents evaporate leaving behind a solid transparent resin film over the surface.
Types of varnish
(a) Oil varnish- It used linseed oil and takes about 24 hours to dry.
• Hard resin such as amber, copal etc are used which makes this type of varnish most durable.
• It is suitable for interior and exterior surfaces.
(b) Spirit Varnish- It uses resin of soft variety such as lac or shellac dissolved in spirit.
• It dries very quickly.
• These are not durable and easily affected by weathering action.
(c) Water varnish: It is shellac resin dissolved in hot water to which enough quantity of either ammonia, borax, soda is added.
• These are used for varnishing maps and pictures.
(d) Asphalt varnish: It is made by dissolving melted hard asphalt in linseed oil with a thinner such as turpentine or petroleum spirit.
• It is used over shop fabricated steel works.
(e) Flat varnish: Materials such as wax, metallic soap on finely divided silica when added to varnish produce a dull appearance on drying.
(f) Spar varnish: It derives its name from its use on spars and other parts of ship.
• It gives sticky effect in warm weather and is not used indoors.

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