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Question
What contributes to persistent percolation of water due to insufficient drainage?
A.
Flat Topography
B.
Impervious Obstruction
C.
Inadequate Surface Drainage
D.
Over and Intensive Irrigation
Answer ( Option C)

Inadequate Surface Drainage

Solution

• Inadequate Surface Drainage: When there is insufficient surface drainage, water cannot be effectively removed from the surface, leading to persistent percolation into the ground.
• This can result in waterlogging, where the water percolates through the soil and potentially raises the groundwater level, creating problems for agricultural lands, infrastructure, and building foundations.
Note:
1. Flat Topography: While flat topography can contribute to waterlogging due to slow runoff, it is not the direct cause of persistent percolation. Effective drainage systems can still manage water in flat areas.
2. Impervious Obstruction: Impervious surfaces (like concrete or clay layers) can block water infiltration and cause surface runoff. While they may prevent percolation in specific areas, they do not contribute directly to persistent percolation unless they create barriers that redirect water into permeable zones.
3. Over and Intensive Irrigation: Excessive irrigation can lead to waterlogging and percolation, but the issue is often compounded by inadequate drainage. The over-application of water alone is not the sole factor without the presence of poor drainage.

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